English Journey Narrative - 856 Words

Rebeccas Story Sitting by the window, Rebecca was lost in thoughts of the past, the song playing on the radio had been their song, he would play it and she would sing. Those had been the good times. Rebecca are you packed yet? her mother yelled from downstairs, rudely awakening her from her daydreams. Nearly finished Mum, was the reply, in reality she had hardly begun. She didnt know what to bring, what was important to her and what she would need. It was only for 3 weeks. She put her suitcase onto her bed; inside it she put her underwear, 6 t-shirts, 4 singlets, 3 pairs of shorts, jeans, 2 skirts, 1 dress, 2 pairs of swimming togs, a pair of  ¾ pants, a jumper, 2 pairs of shoes, her hairbrush and other toiletries†¦show more content†¦Cmon Becky, play tennis with me her dad asked her Dad I havent played since I was about 8! I dont know how and Id just make a fool of myself was her answer. He won the argument, she stuck on her trainers and they went to the court, she hit the ball hard, he complimented her on her swing. The more she hit the ball the better she felt, she could feel the tension in her body leaving. They played everyday, followed by a swim; she could feel herself improving in not only her skill but her fitness too. Music, it was something she enjoyed. Song after song she reflected, laying in bed, she was having fun, her mind was busy with happy thoughts, everything she listened to reminded her of something, good times and bad, shed come to realise, that all she was carrying with her was starting to leave. Everything carried meaning, her teddy bear that hed given her on her 18th birthday, it never left her; it allowed her to feel close to him when they were apart. The shirt she wore when he took her out for dinner, the skirt that had been ripped when they were on the swings, shed thrown it away but he saved it and had it mended for her, the earrings hed given her for Christmas which shed worn ever since and the photos of him and her she carried with her. She took out her earrings, she changed the song to one her and her friends danced to when they wereShow MoreRelatedMy Name is Nobody: Postmodernism in Derek Walcotts The Schooner Flight1389 Words   |  6 PagesTales of journeys appear repeatedly throughout the expanse of literature; these sagas include the stories of Gilgamesh, King Arthur, and, more recently, The Lord of the Rings. Derek Walcott’s poem â€Å"The Schooner Flight† initially seems out of place amongst these surging legends of heroics and danger, yet through closer examination the poem flourishes as a postmodern retelling then deconstruction of the age-old heroic journey. The poem is a celebration of Greek mythology, a disruptive force againstRead MoreFrame Characteristics In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales1119 Words   |  5 PagesFrame narratives, a collection of stories or adventures all contained in one book, provide the reader with more information, background and one’s motivation. In the fabliau, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses frame narratives to incorporate the many stories of pilgrims. The author, Geoffrey Chaucer, also known as the â€Å"Father of English Literature,† writes these little stories to mirror his inquisitive language and use of cunning and satirical passion. The tale takes place in the fourteenth centuryRead MoreSebastien Manrique, Antonio Monserrate, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, and William Hawkinss Contributions to Our Understanding of Life During Their Time619 Words   |  3 Pagesthe people and the lands they encountered on their journey, which are well preserved today. Europeans such as Sebastien Manrique, Antonio Monserrate, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, and William Hawkins recorded their experiences and observations from fascinating and informative visions travel and life in india during this period and provide invaluable contribution to our understanding of life at the time. Sebastien Manrique, a priest who went on a journey to India for missionary work, writes his experiencesRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthese captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes that her journey through captivity is a test wrought by her GodRead MoreJaws1045 Words   |  5 PagesJoe McBride 11/21/11 English 11 Hero s Journey Narrative: Jaws Jaws was a movie that was made which clearly represents itself as a movie that follows a Hero s Journey Narrative. The Journey begins with The Call, as part of the Departure. The Call begins once Sheriff Brody is first made aware of the shark attack that happens, before several more break out. He essentially accepts The Call by looking further into the attack, in case more come to his attention. The Initiation beginsRead MoreStream of Consciousness Novel1102 Words   |  5 PagesModernist English Fiction (with Special Reference to the Contributions of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf) Arpan Adhikary The term ‘stream of consciousness’ as applied in literary criticism to designate a particular mode of prose narrative was first coined by philosopher William James in his book Principles of Psychology (1890) to describe the uninterrupted flow of perceptions, memories and thoughts in active human psyche. As a literary term, however, it denotes a certain narrative technique usedRead MoreMother Tongue, By Amy Tan, And The Memoirs Of A Rebel Princess847 Words   |  4 Pages The two writings Mother Tongue, by Amy Tan, and The Memoirs of a Rebel Princess, by Abida Sultaan, were able to reach me and affect me as an audience through their tone and purpose (Jack and Pryal 2016). Both of these stories are literacy narratives, thus the authors are writing about their own experiences of learning to read and to write. Each of these stories depicts the difficulties these authors endured before they were able to successfully accomplish their education. Every piece ofRead MoreEssay about The Faith of Mary Rowlandson1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Faith of Mary Rowlandson In her writing titled â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restauration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson†, Mary lies out for the reader her experience of being held in captivity by Indians during the King Philip’s War. Perhaps one of the most significant aspects of this writing is the glimpse that the reader gets into Rowlandson’s faith and religion. Faith was a major aspect of life in the Colonial Period. It was of widespread belief that God was to be feared, and that he wasRead MoreNarrative and Genre Features in the Opening Sequence of Pulp Fiction898 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative and Genre Features in the Opening Sequence of Pulp Fiction A narrative is the story itself and generic features are elements expected to be contained within a certain category of film. Pulp Fiction is labeled as a gangster film; however gangster films follow very precise generic elements such a death, contraband’s, violence, wealth and strong family loyalties. Pulp Fiction doe follow the above mentioned elements but the locations of the action are unorthodoxRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mary Rowlandson1611 Words   |  7 Pagesamong these captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes her journey through captivity is a test wrought by her God

The Country of Thailand - 1315 Words

When we talk about Thailand, the first thing that would cross our mind is the foods and cultural values that has been preserved for centuries. Not to forget beautiful beaches and also the magical environmental values that are essential for tourism. All these values makes Thailand looks amazing in the eyes of tourist and also people from all around the globe. But despite these positive aspect, there are also dark sides that has been illuminating the people of Thailand for centuries. Havoc and chaos has become a normal scenario in the political culture of Thailand since early 90’s. Many prime ministers has come and gone since that period but the political condition in Thailand is still as worst as it looks. Thailand is our nearest neighbour that has many similarities in culture and even the political background. Lets forget about the riot that has been happening even long before Thaksin regime. Lets focus on why these riots has been continuedly happening without any solution. What are the reasons? In Thailand, the government uses an autocratic leadership style where almost everything is controlled by the government. They control everything including the legislative and judiciary system in order to control any transaction and also the people of Thailand. The government also have full access to the media where they control everything including what the media station feeds the viewer in Thailand. The riots start happening by the time the citizen of Thailand are beingShow MoreRelatedThe Country Of Thailand : Thailand1174 Words   |  5 PagesThailand is a country which is 514,000 square kilometers long situated in the middle of mainland south east Asia. Thailand was known as siam in older times. It was a land where rice was cultivated and rice was their main crop. In 18th century it was under British control and when British gave freedom to southeast Asia Thailand was announced as buffere state between British controlled area and Burma. Noe a days the total population of Thailand is approximately 68,272,740. This is thickly populatedRead MoreThe country of Thailand1308 Words   |  5 PagesThailand is located in South-East Asia that is near to the border of Burma, Laos and Cambodia. Thailand has an area of about 513,000 km2 and the population of people is about 70 million people. The capital city of Thailand is Bangkok. Bangkok is one of the largest cities in Thailand. They has their own languages, which is Thai, Northern East Thai, and Southern Thai, and they also writes in Thai language. For the religion, most Thais are Buddhist, which is about 94.6% of people are Buddhists, 4.6%Read MoreCountry Background:. Thailand . Thailand Is In The Southeastern1028 Words   |  5 PagesCountry Background: Thailand Thailand is in the Southeastern region of Asia surrounded by the Gulf of Thailand, Andaman Sea, and South China Sea. Sharing borders with Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. (1) Thailand is approximately three times the size of Florida, and more than two times the size of Wyoming. (1) The countries government is based on a constitutional monarchy, with military affiliation. (1) Thailand possesses the 2nd largest economy in Southeast Asia after Indonesia; GDP for 2015Read MoreIs Thailand A Wonderful Country?1669 Words   |  7 PagesSo you have fallen in love with Thailand? Like so many others before you, and the thousands that will follow? For whatever reason, you have chosen to own a property in Thailand? This could be for the long term prospect of making this wonderful country your permanent home, or as a potential investment, and/or for the pleasure of having a luxury holiday home in the sun. Whatever the reason, there are certain things you need to consider before jumping hea d-first into a purchase. Naturally, what seemsRead MoreThailand Is A Country Of Southeast Asia Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesThailand is a country in Southeast Asia, where it is a homeland of over 65 million Thai people in 2015 (Boonrach, 2015). Considering the languages are using in Thailand, currently, there is not only a Thai language standing on the stage of all communities but also other languages other than Thai are standing beside it in local settings. Unexpectedly, there are over 80 languages are spoken in Thailand, but there is only one official spoken and written language due to the domination of Thai (SmalleyRead MoreThailand : Southeast Asian Country1938 Words   |  8 PagesThailand is located in Southeast Asia. This country is the only Southeast Asian country that has never been occupied by any European or other foreign country, except in war. Thailand is bordered on the west and northwest by Myanmar (formerly Burma); on the northeast and east by Laos and Cambodia; and on the south by the Gu lf of Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, and the Andaman Sea. With an area of 513,115 sq km (198,115 sq mi) Thailand’s distinctive shape is often said to resemble an elephant’s headRead MoreThailand : A Country With A Population Of 67.73 Million People1326 Words   |  6 PagesThailand is a country with a population of 67.73 million people, approximately 48.2% being women. Of these women, roughly 1,000,000 of them (~80% under 16 years of age) are involved in sex trafficking and prostitution. When nearly 1.5% of a nation’s population is economically dependent on an illegal and morally ambiguous industry, the issue should not be taken lightly (Jones; Hays). In fact, due to their poor performance in monitoring, and combating, human trafficking, the U.S. State Department rankedRead MoreThailand Trade : A Country s Largest Exporter Of Rice1107 Words   |  5 PagesThailand Trade from 2000 to 2014 Thailand is a country in South East Asia with current Chief of State is King Bhumibol Adulyadej and the Head of Government is Prime Minister Prayut Chan-ocha. The country’s official monetary unit is Thai baht. Thailand used to be the world’s largest exporter of rice until the year of 2013. Moreover, Thailand and the United States are members for a number of the same international organizations, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationRead MoreAustralia Regional And Global Links Alfred Li1253 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Links Alfred Li Intro: Australia and Thailand have longstanding and deep connections. These two countries cooperate in a broad range of areas of mutual interest, which mainly includes trade and investment, law enforcement, counter-terrorism, education, security, migration and tourism. The bilateral relationship is supported by mutual membership of international and regional organisations. The steady relationship between these two countries facilitated a dramatic increase of two-way tradeRead MoreThailand : The Khmer And Mons1069 Words   |  5 Pages The country that is currently known as Thailand, was not always that. Originally Thailand went by the name of Siam. The original people that inhabited Thailand were the Khmer and Mons. The Khmer and Mons were the only inhabitants of the country until people traveled from southern China into Siam. These people went by the name â€Å"Tai†. For twenty thousand years, the area that makes up Thailand by hunter and gathers to survive until they began to crea te settlements. One interesting fact about Thailand

avatar Essay Example For Students

avatar Essay ESSAY COVER SHEET ANIOOI Anthropology Cultural Diversity in Global Perspective ASSESSMENT TASK: Analysts of Avatar QUESTION: How is ethnocentrism depicted in the film Avatar? Discuss with reference to the notions of exoticism, primitivism and romanticism. TITLE: Ethnocentrism in Avatar WORD COUNT: 589 words Tutorial Class: Thursday 1000-1150 James Camerons Avatar This essay aims to identify scenes where ethnocentrism and three related concepts exoticism, primitivism and romanticism. The film Avatar depicts the life of Jake sully, he main protagonist who was brought into the world of Pandora, an alien civilisation, He was disguised as a Navi (tall scrawny looking blue humanoids) to infiltrate into their clan to learn the ways and lifestyle of the Navi before betraying them. During his integration in their unique culture, he was exposed to Ethnocentrism, exoticism, primitivism, romanticism. That made him realise the cruelty of humans and their obsession with the precious rock which would shake the balance of Pandora and its people. Ethnocentrism is the thinking that ones own culture is the proper way of life nd that other ways of life are inferior (Lundberg, 2012) . The colonial powers, especially Colonel Miles Quaritch had no dis regard to the life on the planet, considering them as hostile and uncivilized. They still continued their quest for the mineral despite acknowledging the fact that the entire planet would be in Jeopardy once the sacred trees were destroyed. According to Parker Selfridge, the NAVI people were portrayed as inferior to humans labelling them as blue monkeys (Cameron Landau, 2009), an insult to the Navi race. Exoticism involves the creation of nother who is strange but at least as important beautiful (Lutz Colins, 1993). It was also vividly expressed in the world of Pandora, with plants and certain species of creature glowing in the night of the forest. A sight to behold as you could see nature radiating from the darkness of the forest floor. Landscapes also considered being strange in comparison with Earth as mountains seem to be floating on mid-air. This Hallelujah Mountains also known as Ayrum alusing are levitating islands that rely on the magnetic field circulating around Pandora. Analytic description of the film vatar The elements of primitivism are also shown within the society of the Navi clan. Primitivism views other culture as lower on a developmental or evolutionary scale making them look stupid and irrational (Lundberg, 2012). The ingenious tribes are seen as hostile savages relying on bows and arrows as weapons that are considered to be very laid back and ancient compared to humans modern technology of using machineguns. A scene depicting a huge bulldozer with arrows stuck to the wheel also clearly shows the contrast of technology between the humans and the Navi tribes hich are primitive. Romanticism which defines as noble savage being one with nature (Lundberg, 2012) is clearly evident in their planet. They are able to relate with nature using their long ponytail like hair as a means to communicate with them. You can clearly see several incidents of romanticism when the tribes connects their ponytail like hair to the creatures . Taming them and finally controlling their movements with their minds. Especially in the scene when Jake was trying to choose his Ikran, a large flying carnivorous creature in the film avatar. There is also another cene with Jake communicating with the spirit tree. Seeking help from Eywa, their goddess whom they believe could stop the war between the humans and ultimately restore balance in the world of Pandora. As you can see the concepts of Ethnocentrism, exoticism, primitivism, romanticism which made Jake Sully realizes the humans cruel intentions to lay waste in the world of Pandora. During his stay, what he initially thought of them as barbaric and uncivilized has changed during his exposure with the Navi clan. He realized that the Navi are actually civilized and cultured in their unique way. Cameron,J. Landau, J. (Producer), Cameron, J. (Director). (2009). Avatar . United States: 20th Century Fox, Lightstorm Entertainment. Lundberg, A. (2012). ANIOOI Anthropology: Cultural Diversity in Global Perspective, Lecture 2 , Retrieved from https://learn]cu. ]cu. edu. au/bbcswebdav/pid-1269635-dt-content- ril 1 12533 %20LearnJCU. pdf Lutz, C. A. Collins, J. L. (1993). A World Brightly Different: Photographic Conventions,1950-1960. Reading Nationa l Geographic. (pp. 87-118). Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press.

Population In The World Today Essays - Demography,

Population In The World Today Population in the world today Probably the most pressing concern of the modern world both environmentally and socially is the escalating global population. The geometrical growth in numbers over the last century, when estimated, presents an ominous picture of massive, unsustainable growth and accompanying famines and health crises. Yet, to simply follow the current trend is naive, and informed estimates of population trends are increasingly predicting a less disastrous future. The latest study shows an 85% chance that global population will peak before 2100, and predicts with 60% certainty that this peak will be less than 10 billion, compared with a population of 6 billion today. They even give an outside chance, 15%, that there will be fewer people living at the end of the century than are alive now. Their results are notable not just for the relatively low figures projected, but also for the rigorous analysis that accompanies them. Whereas the United Nation estimates present just four possible outcomes (constant, high, medium and low). The US Census Bureau includes specific chances of a particular scenario occurring on a specific date. This graphically illustrates the confidence (or otherwise) of predictions further into the future. To arrive at their conclusions, the team combined two forecasting techniques 'time series estimation, a statistical analysis based on known figures, and 'expert judgment', whereby key parameters are estimated taking into account foreseeable events such as disease, war and fertility trends. Apart from the lower total population figure estimated (8.8 billion by 2050, compared to 9.3 for the UN's medium estimate, 2000 revision). Population decline in developed nations is expected to accelerate, with the European part of the former USSR expected to lose 20% of it population by 2050. Such declines lead inevitably to ageing populations, and half of all people living in Japan at the end of the century are predicted to be over 60 years old. With these facts, there is no doubt in our minds that we are in for some trouble. Over the next 50 years, the United States alone faces some population problems. What we need to do is keep the growth rate at stage 4, meaning we need to have birth and death rates low. Since the beginning of the US, we have continued to double our population in less and less time. In 1900, there were 1.65 billion people in the US and it took 135 years to double that. In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people and that doubled in only eighty years. The last estimated doubling time was in 1997 when there were 5.85 billion people and it only took forty-five years to double. The question is what will happen when population starts doubling in only two or three years? We have yet to figure out what will happen, but an estimated guess between all of us would conclude that by the time US population gets to this point, there will be so many people dying from incurable diseases that it really wont matter. Already we have what is known as the AIDS virus which has spread world wide, and still with all the research that has been done, there is no cure. Its very scary the direction that America is headed in. We have made a lot of economic progress but nothing can stop the unstoppable. Date Est. Population Doubling Time in Years 8000 BC 5 Million 59,000 years 1 AD 300 Million 1350 years 1750 (beginning of Industrial Revolution) 790 Million 1250 years 1800 980 Million 165 years 1850 1.26 Billion 135 years 1900 1.65 Billion 130 years 1950 2.5 Billion 80 years 1997 5.85 Billion 45 years Bibliography National Geographic US Census Bureau Economics Essays

Luke Gospel Essays (2175 words) - Prophets Of Islam,

Luke Gospel Physician and companion of Paul wrote this Gospel in the mid 60's A.D. Luke wrote both the Gospel of Luke and Acts making him the largest contributor to the New Testament. These writings both begin with dedications to Theophilus, perhaps a potential or recent convert or patron who sponsored the circulation of Luke and Acts. The third Gospel presents Jesus as the Son of Man. The first three chapters and the beginning of the fourth give us the entrance of the Lord into the race, beginning with his genealogy; how he was born and made one of us. Then chapters four through nineteen trace for us the first part of his ministry among men, and especially, his journey toward Jerusalem, with the final chapters dedicated to the last days of sacrifice and triumph. Luke's historical narrative begins as follows: With the birth of Zechariah and Elizabeth's child, John. Elizabeth was barren, she and Zechariah were well along in years but Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to Zechariah saying, "Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son and you are to give him the name John and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit." Zechariah questioned the angel, "How can I be sure of this? I am an old man and my wife is well along in years." Gabriel said, "I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news. And now you will be silent and not able to speak until the day this happens." And this was so. A virgin named Mary was pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David when the angel, Gabriel went to her and said, "Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you. Do not be afraid, Mary, you have found favor with God. You will be with child and give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end." When Jesus made his virginal entrance into the world, the shepherds were visited by an angel telling them the Savior had been born and they could find him wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger in the town of David. The shepherds hurried off and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby. The second item Luke gives us is the story of Jesus' presentation in the temple at the age of 12, and the way he surprised everyone with his ability to answer questions -- his great mental capacity. Some years later, John son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, was preparing the way by preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. While John was baptizing people, Jesus was baptized too. The heaven opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him and a voice said, "You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased." It was here that Luke gave a detailed account of Jesus' genealogy, tracing it back to Adam. Now Jesus was about thirty years old when he began his ministry. Temptations were great. The Spirit led him to the desert, where for forty days he was tempted by the devil. He ate nothing during those days, and at the end of them he was hungry. The devil tested him in many ways but Jesus did not waiver. As you continue through Luke, you see Jesus teaching and preaching, At one time he was rejected by the people of Nazareth where he had been brought up. Jesus drove out evil spirits from a man possessed by demons. He healed a women suffering from a high fever. People brought to Jesus all who had various kinds of sickness, and laying his hand on each one, he healed them. It was at this time Jesus called his first disciples-Peter (Simon), James, and John. Jesus' teaching and healing continued. He was questioned about his behavior on the Sabbath, concerning fasting and healing. The Pharisees and the teachers of the law were looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, so they watched him closely. Jesus knew what they were doing. The Pharisees were furious and began to discuss with each other what they might do to Jesus. After praying one night the next

Elisha Grays Telephone Invention Patent Caveat

Elisha Grays Telephone Invention Patent Caveat Elisha Gray was an American inventor who contested the invention of the telephone with Alexander Graham Bell. Elisha Gray invented a version of the telephone in his laboratory in Highland Park, Illinois. Background - Elisha Gray 1835-1901 Elisha Gray was a Quaker from rural Ohio who grew up on a farm. He studied electricity at Oberlin College. In 1867, Gray received his first patent for an improved telegraph relay. During his lifetime, Elisha Gray was granted over seventy patents for his inventions, including many important innovations in electricity. In 1872, Gray founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company, the great-grandparent of todays Lucent Technologies. Patent Wars - Elisha Gray Vs Alexander Graham Bell On February 14, 1876, Alexander Graham Bells telephone patent application entitled Improvement in Telegraphy was filed at the USPTO by Bells attorney Marcellus Bailey.  Elisha Grays attorney filed a caveat for a telephone just a few hours later entitled Transmitting Vocal Sounds Telegraphically. Alexander Graham Bell was the fifth entry of that day, while Elisha Gray was 39th. Therefore, the U.S. Patent Office awarded Bell with the first patent for a telephone, US Patent 174,465 rather than honor Grays caveat. On September 12, 1878  lengthy patent litigation involving the Bell Telephone Company against Western Union Telegraph Company and Elisha Gray began. What Is a Patent Caveat? A patent caveat was a type of preliminary application for a patent that gave an inventor an additional 90 days grace to file a regular patent application. The caveat would prevent anyone else that filed an application on the same or similar invention from having their application processed for 90 days while the caveat holder was given an opportunity to file a full patent application first. Caveats are no longer issued. Elisha Grays Patent Caveat Filed on February 14, 1876 To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Elisha Gray, of Chicago, in the County of Cook, and  State of Illinois, have invented a new art of transmitting vocal sounds telegraphically, of which the following is a specification. It is the object of my invention to transmit the tones of the human voice through a telegraphic circuit and reproduce them at the receiving end of the  line so that actual conversations can be carried on by persons at long distances apart. I have invented and patented methods of transmitting musical impressions or sounds  telegraphically, and my present invention is based  on  a modification of the principle of said invention, which is set forth and described in letters patent of the  United  States, granted to me July 27th, 1875, respectively numbered 166,095, and 166,096, and also in an application for letters patent of the United States, filed by me, February 23d, 1875. To attain the objects of my invention, I devised an instrument capable of vibrating responsively to all tones of the human voice, and by which they are rendered audible. In the accompanying  drawings  I have shown an apparatus embodying my improvements in the best way now known to me, but I contemplate various other applications, and also changes in the details of construction of the apparatus, some of which would  obviously suggest themselves to a skillful electrician, or a person in the science of acoustics, in seeing this application. Figure 1 represents a vertical central section through the transmitting instrument; Figure 2, a similar section through the receiver; and Figure 3, a diagram representing the whole apparatus.   My present belief is, that the most effective method of providing an apparatus capable of responding to the various tones of the human voice, is a tympanum, drum or diaphragm, stretched across one end of the chamber, carrying an apparatus for producing fluctuations in the potential of the electric current, and consequently varying in its power. In the drawings, the person transmitting sounds is shown as talking into a box, or chamber, A, across the outer end of which is stretched a diaphragm, a, of some thin substance, such as parchment or gold-beaters skin, capable of responding to all the vibrations of the human voice, whether simple or complex. Attached to this diaphragm is a light metal rod, A, or other suitable conductor of electricity, which extends into a vessel B, made of glass or other insulating material, having its lower end  closed by a plug, which may be of metal, or through which passes a conductor b, forming part of the circuit. This vessel is filled with some liquid possessing high resistance, such, for instance, as water, so that the vibrations of the plunger or rod A, which does not quite touch the conductor b, will cause variations in resistance, and, consequently, in the potential of the current passing through the rod A. Owing to this construction, the resistance varies constantly in response to the vibrations of the diaphragm, which, although irregular, not only in their amplitude, but in rapidity, are nevertheless transmitted, and can, consequently, be transmitted through a single rod, which could not be done with a positive make and break of the circuit employed, or where contact points are used. I contemplate, however, the use of a series of  diaphragm  in a common vocalizing chamber, each diaphragm carrying and independent  rod, and responding to a vibration of different rapidity and intensity, in which case contact points mounted on other diaphragms may be employed. The vibrations thus imparted are transmitted through an electric circuit to the receiving station, in which circuit is included an  electromagnet  of ordinary construction, acting upon a diaphragm to which is attached a piece of soft iron, and which  diaphragm  is stretched across a receiving vocalizing chamber c, somewhat similar to the corresponding vocalizing chamber A. The diaphragm at the receiving end of the line is this thrown into vibration corresponding with those at the transmitting end, and audible sounds or words are produced. The obvious practical application of my improvement will be to enable persons at a distance to converse with each other through a telegraphic circuit, just as they do now in each others presence, or through a speaking tube. I claim as my invention the art of transmitting vocal sounds or conversations telegraphically through an electric circuit. Elisha Gray WitnessesWilliam J. PeytonWm D. Baldwin

Womens lives during the sixteenth century colonial America Essay

Womens lives during the sixteenth century colonial America - Essay Example The socio-historical studies on women’s lives during the sixteenth century colonial America were monumental in shaping the status that women of the modern world today enjoy. From the twentieth century-woman perspective, it must have been an extremely difficult and daunting to live in that period. And we have our women ancestors to thank for what they have to endure and how it was able to shape the socio-cultural construction of womanhood. This essay will basically tackle the different experiences as survived by women during the historical colonization of Europe in the Americas. To begin with, the sixteenth century woman could be considered as someone who existed to uphold the domination of Europeans conquistador, even when they are unaware of it or even when they have exerted much effort to resist the colonizers mere presence in their lives. As women took the essential role of reproduction, whether slave or master, they were seen as a key factor to maintain the system of patri archy as well as the continuation of its bloodline. In the case of Spanish borderlands, women slaves were almost always subjected to sexual abuse by their masters. These women slaves themselves were not any given any rights to retaliate or file a cause against their perpetrators, except for the few lucky ones1 who were given certain privileges to live freely after servitude. And the product of these sexual abuses paved way to a second generation of hybrid children. These children, though born from a slave, had actually acquired with them a benefit not enjoyed by their mothers. These children were accepted in the master’s family and treated as part of the kin where they are given equal rights, a privilege they will never have being a slave. Patriarchy then is underscored as this circumstance displays the following characteristics: (1) the male as being reproductively potent and is able to procreate, and (2) the man’s ability to sustain the needs of his nuclear and even these additional and extended families. This more often than not violent relationship of masters and their women slaves have actually mutually benefited both parties. Without their full consciousness, masters have ensured for their women slaves economic benefits for their children while simultaneously these women slaves have ensured for their masters the persistence of his bloodline. Another case where women have more than just a reproductive functional role was in Chesapeake Bay. Women (and men) were imported as indentured slaves due to the lack of manpower to sustain the area’s tobacco production. They are then to serve their European masters while at the same time given the responsibility to toil the fields during planting and harvest periods. In this case, women were forced to double-hat various functions so they could acquire what was deemed as their prize for being slaves – freedom. By securing themselves trans-Atlantic passages and little property after the peri od of enslavement, these slaves were given power to ultimately take control of their lives anew. This new kind of power was an advantageous mechanism for them as they have already adapted and adopted the lifestyle and even the culture of their masters. Their agency allows them to subject themselves to servitude with the end goal of acquiring power through independence. With freedom being prized, it is almost wrong to say that these women are not empowered. Power was within their capacity in fact, but it was not naturally obtained. Certain efforts had to be exerted and many sufferings had to be endured for the end goal of achieving freedom. New England women, on the other hand, because of the nature of Puritanism, were never allowed to inherit the properties of their departed husbands in contrast to Chesapeake women who have the full autonomy over their husband properties upon being widowed. The Church was made the new and automatic owners of properties of widowed women. Looking at t he picture, it would seem to us that Chesapeake women had the upper hand over the New Englanders. But dissecting