Do you think that ethnicity and religion play important roles in Essay

Do you think that ethnicity and religion play important roles in political leadership in Africa - Essay Example According to Odinga, in African press, Nigeria is an example of a nation embroiled in the politics of ethnicity since independence. This happened after the 1993 military coup that made ethnic groups of I jaws, Yoruba’s, Igbo’s, Tiv’s Edo’s and Fulani to form a party (Odinga web) A religion difference especially Islam and Christianity determines political leadership in Africa. This is true in many countries that have an almost equal proportion of the two religions. In Sudan for instance, hostility experienced in the North and South of the country had its background in religion. In the South, most leaders were Christians some of whom were priests. The churches and priests influenced the civil wars that occurred in this country between Muslims and Christians. Ethnicity and Religion at times influences politics negatively. Many countries have experienced tribal crashes resulting from ethnic political parties. Zimbabwe, Kenya and Congo are some of the countries affected by ethnicity. A worse case of ethnicity is the one of Sierra Leon where the group in control of political power controls also the distribution of National

The American people in the US-Led Afghanistan and Iraq War Essay

The American people in the US-Led Afghanistan and Iraq War - Essay Example in Smith 125). More than its military might, the real power of the US lies in its high moral ground in defending civil liberties and the rule of law at home and abroad. With this consistent posturing, the US government gets high support from the American public and the international community, cementing its appearance of invincibility and making its citizens feel secure against any external threat. However, this long-held belief was eroded when Osama Bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda unprecedentedly attacked the symbols of US power in New York City, Washington D.C. and Shanksville, Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001. This shocked the world and inflicted harm against the US far beyond its number of casualties and destroyed properties, as it had created deep fear of insecurity among Americans, exposing the vulnerability of the world’s super power. In reprisal, the Bush administration immediately launched its international war against terror not simply to expunge terrorism but most imp ortantly to pacify and bring back the myth of US invincibility to the American public that for many decades had made them feel secure and superior. Unfortunately, the result had been the opposite. In its war against terror, the US has unwittingly stripped off itself of its real hegemonic motives and exposed its total disregard to civil liberties, inevitably reversing the American public and international support into condemnation. Bush’s full military offensive against terrorism had been a backlash, not only against his administration but against America. II War Justification and Motives The 9/11terrorist attack on the US soil served the Bush administration in two important ways that would later unmask the US government to its own people and to the world. First, it served as warning that the American public is no longer safe in their own land, which created in them deep fear of insecurity to the point of paranoia. This called for a review on US foreign policy sharpening the v iew that US hegemony might have been creating and fuelling anti-US sentiments giving terrorists reason to attack America – a view that although not new was not given much thought before, much more by the American public. Second, this had become an opportunity to send America to war, as the fragile state of the American public was carefully manipulated to conveniently justify a war that Bush and his cowboys found decisive in insuring the strategic positioning and in imposing the US hegemonic interest in the Middle East. Never before had there been an attack attempted against the US on its own soil that was as bold and sophisticated as the bombing of the World Trade Center and Pentagon. This did not simply shock the world but had created in the American public the deep fear of insecurity, seeing that international terrorism had grown into a potent enemy capable of harming even the most formidable nation in the world. Meaning, nothing is seemingly safe against international terr orism and that America was no longer a safe place to live in. This thought sent a chilling effect on Americans, especially those living conveniently in their homes. Opportunely, too, the Al-Qaeda had been so easily transformed into a new enemy of the world replacing the collapsed communist Soviet Union. Thus the neo-conservatives in the Bush administration had created a convincing myth to push for their long desired war in the Middle East without much opposition. (Shah 6) The magnitude of the casualty and the sophistication of the tactic employed by Al-Qaeda in 9/11 attack had really shaken not only

Can Leaders Really Motivate Employees Assignment - 1

Can Leaders Really Motivate Employees - Assignment Example There are certain employees who want more salary, while there are others who want more power, or other kinds of benefits like accommodation and privileges. Taking these facts into consideration, it can be said that managers motivating employees is a matter of chance. Occasionally, the steps managers take are the ones required to motivate a certain employee, and thus it happens. However, this does not always happen. There are certain ways in which the tendency of an environment to motivate the employees can be enhanced. Still, the influence of that environment upon the employees’ performance would vary from one case to another. Generally, an organization should link reward to performance, and really reward the employees who are found to display better performance. â€Å"To be a successful manager/motivator you must first understand that you cannot motivate anyone. You can only create an environment that encourages and promotes the employees self motivation† (Lowe,

Judge Making the Decision Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Judge Making the Decision - Case Study Example If the court discovers it does not have jurisdictional rights to hear the case it will not be accepted or it will eventually be dismissed. The requirements stand thus: No divorce shall be granted unless the plaintiff has resided in this state for sixty (60) days immediately preceding the time of filing the complaint, or the marriage was solemnized in this state and the plaintiff has resided in this state from the time of the marriage until the filing of the complaint. A married person who at the time of filing a complaint for divorce resides in this state is a resident although his spouse may reside elsewhere. A divorce may be filed in the district court of the county in which either party resides. (Wyoming Statutes - Title 20 - Chapters: 20-2-104, 20-2-107 and 20-2-108). The Complaint for Divorce must declare the appropriate Wyoming grounds upon which the divorce is being sought. The appropriate lawful ground will be that which the parties agree upon and can substantiate, or that which the filing spouse desires to prove to the court. The divorce grounds are as follows: To obtain a No-Fault divorce the plaintiff must allege Irreconcilable differences in the marital relationship. To obtain a divorce based upon Fault, the plaintiff must allege that defendant is incurably insane and the insane person has been confined in a mental hospital of this state or of another state or territory for at least two (2) years immediately preceding the commencement of the action for divorce. (Wyoming Statutes - Title 20 - Chapters: 20-2-104, 20-2-105) Here, plaintiff merely alleges a homosexual affair. Assuming arguendo that the allegations are true, they amount to nothing more than a charge of adultery which is not grounds for divorce in this state. Furthermore, plaintiff has not alleged in her complaint the requisite jurisdictional predicates for this court to take jurisdiction of this matter. She merely alleges that the parties own land in this state. The record reflects no reason for this court to presume that the plaintiff resides in this state or that she has for the past sixty days. Accordingly, and based upon the foregoing the complaint is dismissed without prejudice.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Management - Essay Example Every member of the team had relevant and useful information to put on the table, an aspect the led to greater work productivity. Members of the group capitalized on their diversity to create a cohesive group that met its objective as a team. While group cohesiveness is fundamental as far as teamwork productivity is concerned, it does not always lead to positive impacts on group projects. Drawing from a personal experience, group cohesiveness negates project productivity when members of the team fail to debate the contents of their project. Due to individual differences within a group, it is important to debate project contents, scope, and progress (Griffin & Moorhead, 2013). When this fails to take place, the cohesiveness of the group makes a project vulnerable to poor results and/or performance. For example, not all contributions made in a group become part of the final project. If this happens, the cohesiveness of the group affects the quality and validity of the project

Advantages and disadvantages of the film medium for Surrealism Essay

Advantages and disadvantages of the film medium for Surrealism - Essay Example The essay "Advantages and disadvantages of the film medium for Surrealism" discusses surrealism and the film medium. Looking at examples of surrealistic film work can provide a relational discussion of the Manifesto of Surrealism and the achievements of the artists who used film as a medium. Surrealism blossomed from the remnants of the Dada movement. Surrealism emerged to elevate objects into new imaginings of reality, recreating the world to express thoughts that were unfettered by reason and order, but free to be associated through related and unrelated imaginings. Politically, Surrealists were typically to the extreme left, embracing communism and anarchist principles in search of ways in which to liberate man from the chains of capitalistic points of view and to elevate the human spirit beyond the needs for material gain over others. If one clear message is to be gained from the overall movement and the visuals that were represented by its members, it might be said to say that à ¢â‚¬â„¢the world is not as it seems’. It is the common interpretation of the world that is challenged by the Surrealists. At a time when the entire world was struggling with the interpretation of how life should be viewed and lived, the Surrealists revealed that the perception of the world did not always reflect its reality. Therefore, to reflect reality was to, in truth, twist it until it revealed a deeper truth or an unimagined sense of how the world worked. In a work of surrealism real objects become pawns.

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example The N-gram list of Caesar encryption of the document itself would be the most effective for a cryptanalyst to use to decipher a text encrypted with the Caesar cipher as it shows the frequency of each character used in the document. As E is the most commonly used letter of the alphabet, seeing that the highest frequency letter is H with 148 different instances of the letter would indicate that H is the substitute for the letter E. With this known, it can be seen that there is a shift of 3 present in this particular cipher. Once that has been determined, it would be a simple enough task to pair up all the other letters with their associated substitutions, and then translate the document back to its original text. Q2. What do you notice about the histogram results when text is encrypted with the Vigenere cipher in comparison to the results of the Caesar cipher? Why is this the case? The histogram results of the Vigenere cipher show an increase in the frequency of the letters that were u sed in the code word â€Å"applesauce† that encrypted the document. The Caesar cipher does not show this kind of across the board increase in particular letters due to the fact that it does not work off of an encryption key of this nature, but works instead off of an alphabet shift. Q3. There is an error in the following cipher text representation of this quote; what is it? What should the correct cipher text be? SDAHFOWGRABSSRERIVBYBSCIMQTFNIVETGHBSNQCNCSDTDHBSNQCD ECNICIFCTIC The error in the following cypher text occurs in the fourth to last letter of the text. The second to last C that is listed in the above cipher text should be an O instead. The cipher text for the quote, â€Å"The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits† should read: SD AH FO WG RA BS SR ER IV BY BS CI MQ TF NI VE TG HB SN QC NC SD TD HB SN QC DE CN IC IF OT IC. Q4. Of the three ciphers discussed (Caesar, Vigenere, Playfair), what are their relative degrees of secur ity and why? Of the three ciphers discussed, the Caesar is the easiest cipher to break. This particular cipher may be found and used by anyone of any age; I can remember using it back in elementary school in order to pass notes in class. The Vigenere cipher is a bit stronger, requiring a more complex method of analysis in order to determine the proper code needed in order to unlock the â€Å"secret message.† It is the Playfair cipher, however, which shows itself to be the most secure of the three ciphers, as it removes all spacing, or generates its own spacing after every second character, making it impossible to guess the word without the need to â€Å"crack the code† first. Lab 2: Advanced Cryptography Functions Q5. For each of the following, state whether ECB or CBC would be most appropriate and give a brief explanation as to why. a. An online bank statement b. An encrypted VoIP session